سنتزپژوهی مؤلفه‌ها و شاخص‌های توسعه حرفه‌ای معلمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دکتری برنامه ریزی درسی، دانشگاه بیرجند، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی شاخص­ ها و مؤلفه­ های توسعه حرفه­ ای معلمان می­ باشد. رویکرد پژوهش حاضر کیفی و روش آن سنتز پژوهی است. جامعه پژوهش کلیه مقالاتی هستند (224 مقاله) که از سال 1395 تا 1400 شمسی و 2010 تا 2021 میلادی در مورد توسعه حرفه ­ای معلمان ارائه شده ­اند. نمونه پژوهش 36 مقاله است که این تعداد بر اساس پایش موضوعی، اشباع نظری داده­ ها و به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شده ­اند. داده ­های پژوهش از تحلیل کیفی مقالات مورد مطالعه، گردآوری شده ­اند. با تجزیه و تحلیل داده ­ها، ابعاد توسعه حرفه ­ای معلمان در 4 بُعد، 19 عامل و 95 مقوله شامل بُعد فردی (انگیزش، ابعاد فردی، تعاملات و ویژگی مدرسان)، بُعد سازمانی (نظارت و ارزیابی، مدیریی، پشتیبانی، کارراهه شغلی) بُعد برنامه­ ای (مدیریت دانش، رویکردهای خودگردان و فردگرا، رویکردهای مشارکتی، ویژگی­ های برنامه و استفاده از چندرسانه ­ای­ ها) و بُعد چالش­ های توسعه حرفه­ ای (چالش ­های ضعف در نیازسنجی، چالش برنامه­ ای، چالش اقتصادی، چالش دسترسی پذیری، چالش فردی و ساختاری) طبقه بندی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که برای توسعه حرفه­ ای معلمان در ابعاد فردی، سازمانی و برنامه­ ای نیاز به تحولات زیادی است و وابسته به یک بُعد خاص نمی­ باشد. توسعه حرفه­ ای معلمان در تمام ابعاد چهارگانه نیازمند نگاهی فرا سازمانی و ملی است تا بتوان به اهداف به سازی منابع انسانی در آموزش و پرورش دست یافت.

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