اثربخشی روش تدریس علوم تجربی دوره ابتدایی بر اساس رویکرد فولن بر تفکر انتقادی و خلاقیت دانش‌آموزان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش بررسی اثربخشی روش تدریس علوم تجربی دوره ابتدایی بر اساس رویکرد فولن بر تفکر انتقادی و خلاقیت دانش آموزان بود. روش پژوهش، نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون–پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه پژوهش را دانش‌آموزان پسر دوره ابتدایی شهر اصفهان در سال تحصیلی 1399-1400 تشکیل دادند. از مدارس شهر اصفهان یک مدرسه پسرانه به صورت در دسترس انتخاب و از آن مدرسه دو کلاس پایه سوم دوره ابتدایی که هر کدام 25 دانش‌آموز داشتند، به تصادف به عنوان گروه آزمایش و کنترل در نظر گرفته شدند و به پرسشنامه تفکر انتقادی (CTQ) و پرسشنامه خلاقیت (TTCT) به عنوان پیش‌آزمون پاسخ دادند. در ادامه، گروه‌ آزمایش با روش تدریس علوم تجربی دوره ابتدایی بر اساس دیدگاه فولن مورد آموزش این درس در یک نیم سال و طی چهار ماه قرار گرفتند در حالی‌که گروه کنترل آموزش مرسوم را دریافت نمودند. در نهایت بعد از اتمام نیم‌سال تحصیلی، ‌پس آزمون به اجرا درآمد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و به روش تحلیل کواریانس انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد با کنترل نمرات پیش‌آزمون­ هر دو گروه، اثر تدریس علوم تجربی دوره ابتدایی بر اساس دیدگاه فولن بر تفکر انتقادی و خلاقیت معنی‌دار بوده و این روش تدریس باعث شده است تا تفکر انتقادی و خلاقیت دانش‌آموزان، افزایش یابد. بنابراین از این روش تدریس به عنوان روشی کارآمد در آموزش علوم تجربی دوره ابتدایی می‌توان بهره برد. 

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