توسعه مهارت‌های مورد نیاز دانشجویان مهندسی برای انطباق با تقاضاهای صنعت 4.0: رهنمودهایی برای طراحی و اجرای برنامه‌های درسی جدید دانشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شیراز

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شیراز

3 استاد، گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شیراز

4 استاد، گروه مهندسی قدرت و کنترل، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه شیراز

5 دانشیار، گروه برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

امروزه این نگاه نهادینه‌ شده است که دانشگاه‌ها و مراکز آموزش عالی، می‌توانند رویکردهای آموزشی و یادگیری خود را از طریق برنامه درسی ارتقا دهند. مطالعات اخیر نشان داده است که بسیاری از دانشگاه‌های جهان در حال انطباق برنامه‌های درسی و رویکردهای آموزشی خود با نیازهای صنعت 4.0 هستند. هدف از مطالعه کنونی، شناسایی مهارت‌های دیجیتالی قابل تامل در تدوین برنامه درسی دانشجویان مهندسی و ارائه سازوکارهایی جهت انطباق شایستگی‌های دانشجویان مهندسی با صنعت 4.0 می‌باشد. روش مطالعه، فراترکیب یا سنتز پژوهی با استفاده از گام‌های شش‌گانه سندلوسکی و باروسو (2006) بوده است. با جستجو در پایگاه‌های معتبر تعداد 61 مطالعه مورد تجزیه‌و تحلیل قرارگرفته و مضمون‌سازی گردید. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که مهارت‌های موردنیاز دانشجویان مهندسی در برنامه‌های درسی شامل: 1. مهارت‌های فناورانه و دیجیتالی؛ 2. مهارت مهندسی و 3. مهارت‌های پایه می‌باشد. همچنین یافته‌های پژوهش 21 سازوکار ازجمله 1. طراحی برنامه درسی منطبق با الزامات صنعت 4.0؛ 2. استفاده و کاربرد عملی فناوری‌های دیجیتال در برنامه‌های درسی موسسات آموزش  عالی 3. تدوین برنامه درسی همگرا براساس فناوری های نوین  و تغییرات بنیادین در ساختار آموزش، محتوای دروس و تدریس 4. آموزش آزمایشگاه محور و عملی در برنامه‌های درسی آموزش مهندسی؛ 5. آموزش دانشجویان بر اساس یک بستر فناورانه را جهت توسعه مهارت‌های دیجیتالی در برنامه‌های درسی مهندسی برای انطباق با تقاضاهای صنعت 4.0 الزامی می‌داند. در پایان این مقاله، رهنمودهای عملیاتی برای به‌روزرسانی برنامه‌های درسی دانشگاهی ارائه می‌نماید.

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