تحلیل محتوای کتاب‏های دوره پنجم ابتدایی بر اساس مفروضه‏های نظام سلامت با تأکید بر آموزش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار ، گروه علوم تربیتی ،دانشگاه فرهنگیان تهران

چکیده

برنامۀ درسی آموزش و ارتقای سلامت در بهبود و توسعۀ فرهنگ بهداشتی دانش‌آموزان اهمیت بسیاری دارد. برای پی‌بردن به اهمیت مسائل بهداشتی در روند سلامت دانش‌آموزان، لازم است به محتوای کتب درسی توجه شده و یک برنامۀ آموزشی که بتواند همۀ نیازهای ضروری آموزش سلامت را در خود جای دهد، تدوین شود. برای اجرای این پژوهش با توجه به ماهیت موضوع و هدف‌های آن، از روش تحلیل محتوا انتروپی شانون استفاده شد. در این راستا، محتوای همه کتاب‏ های درسی دوره پنجم ابتدایی بر اساس مفروضه ‏های نظام سلامت بررسی شد. واحد ثبت، جمله و تصویر بود. در فرایند کدگذاری، مؤلفه‌های مرتبط با استانداردهای آموزش محیط‌زیست مشتمل بر: 1- سلامت جسم 2- سلامت تغذیه 3- سلامت محیط (بهداشت آب، بهداشت هوا، بهداشت خاک) 4- سلامت محیط زیست 5- سلامت خانواده 6- حوادث ایمنی 7- تحرک بدنی 8- سلامت روانی 9- پیشگیری از رفتارهای پرخطر 10- کنترل و پیشگیری از بیماری‏ ها 11- معلولیت 12- بهداشت عمومی و بهداشت مدرسه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. قلمرو این پژوهش شامل محتوای کتاب‏ های دوره پنجم ابتدایی، مصوب وزارت آموزش‌وپرورش بود. نتایج تحلیل محتوای آنتروپی شانون نشان داد که از بررسی کل کتاب‏ های دوره پنجم مؤلفۀ‏ مربوط به سلامت روانی با 419 مورد بیشترین فراوانی را به خود اختصاص داده، و کمترین مقدار مربوط به معلولیت با 5 فراوانی است. یافته‏ های حاصل از فراوانی مؤلفه‏ ها نشان داده است که مؤلفه ‏های نظام سلامت از توزیع نرمال برخوردار نیستند به طوری که متأسفانه در حد خیلی کم به آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت در این سند پرداخته شده است و به آموزش مؤلفه‏ های سلامت در محتوای دوره پنجم ابتدایی توجه نشده است. 

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