شاخص‌های محیط‌های‌ یاددهی و یادگیری مطلوب برای دروس رشته‌های علوم انسانی دانشگاه‌ها و میزان توجه به آنها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی درسی در آموزش عالی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان

2 استاد گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان (نویسنده مسئول)

3 استاد گروه مدیریت آموزشی و توسعه منابع انسانی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی شاخص­های محیط­های­ یاددهی و یادگیری مطلوب برای دروس رشته­های علوم انسانی دانشگاه­ها و میزان توجه به آنها انجام شد. در پژوهش حاضر، از طرح ترکیبی اکتشافی متوالی از نوع ابزارسازی استفاده شد. در بخش کیفی، از روش مطالعه موردی کیفی و در بخش کمّی، از روش توصیفی – پیمایشی بهره گرفته شده است. در بخش کیفی با 20 نفر از متخصصان و اعضای هیأت‌ علمی دانشگاه­های کشور که در حوزۀ محیط­های یاددهی و یادگیری اهل نظر هستند، مصاحبۀ نیمه­ساختاریافته به عمل آمد. جامعه آماری بخش کمّی دانشجویان کارشناسی دانشگاه­ها بودند که به روش خوشه­ای چندمرحله­ای، تعداد 360 نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. داده­های پژوهش در بخش کمّی از طریق پرسش­نامه محقق­ساخته مستخرج از بخش کیفی جمع­آوری شد. برای تعیین روایی سؤال‌های مصاحبه و پرسش­نامه از روایی صوری و محتوایی و برای برآورد پایایی پرسش­نامه از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. برای تحلیل داده­های پژوهش در بخش کیفی از روش­های ساختاری و تفسیری و در بخش کمّی از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی بهره گرفته شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد نه شاخص از منظر مصاحبه‌شوندگان مهم‌ترین شاخص­های محیط­های یادگیری بودند و می­توان از شاخص­های شناسایی شده برای ارزشیابی و بازنگری محیط­های یاددهی و یادگیری دروس رشته­های علوم انسانی دانشگاه­ها استفاده نمود. یافته­های کمّی نشان داد میانگین توجه به شاخص­های محیط­های یاددهی و یادگیری در دروس رشته­های علوم انسانی دانشگاه­ها نامطلوب بوده و نیاز به توجه بیشتری دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Abell, M. M., Debra K. B. & Thomas J. S. (2005). Access to the general curriculum: Acurriculum and instruction perspective for educators. Intervention in school & clinic, 41 (2), 82–86.
Akker, J, V, D. (2003). Curriculum perspectives: An Introduction: In J. van den Akker, U. Hameyer, & W. Kuiper (Eds.),Curriculum landscapes and trends (pp. 1-10). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer.
Asiyai, R. (2014). Students’ perception of the condition of their classroom physical learning environment and its impact on their learning and motivation. Coll. Stud. J. 48, 716–726.
Barrett, P., Davies, F., Zhang, Y. & Barrett, L. (2015). The impact of classroom design on pupils' learning: Final results of a holistic, multi-level analysis. Building and environment, 89, 118-133.
Bauman, Z. (2013). Liquid modernity. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley
Beauchamp, G. (1981). Curriculum theory (4th Ed.). Itasca, Ill.: F.E. Peacock Publishers.
Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., Miller-Ricci, M. & Rumble, M. (2012). Defining twenty-first century skills. In P. Griffin, B. McGaw, & E. Care (Eds.), Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills, 17–66.
Bloom B. S. (1964). Stability and change in human characteristics. John Wiley & Sons: New York.
Bodin Danielsson, C. (2010). The office-an explorative study: Architectural design's impact on health, job satisfaction & well-being (Doctoral dissertation). University of Stockholm. Stockholm.
Brooman, S., Darwent, S. & Pimor, A. (2015). The student voice in higher education curriculum design: is there value in listening? Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 52(6), 663-674.
Bruno, S. & Munoz, G. (2010). Education and interactivism: Levels of interaction influencing learning processes. New ideas in psychology, 28(3), 365–379.
Cannon, R. & Kapelis, Z. (2006). Learning spaces for higher education. Programmed learning and educational technology, 13(2), 13-24.‏
Cheney, P. W. (2008). Constructivist learning environments: Students perceptions of a technology skills virtual internship [Dissertation]. University of Virginia.
Chism, N. V. N. & Bickford, D. (2002). The importance of physical space in creating supportive learning environments. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Clark, H. (2002). Building education: The role of the physical environment in enhancing teaching and research. London: Institute of Education, University of London.
Cleveland, B. & Fisher, K. (2014). The evaluation of physical learning environments: A critical review of the literature. Learning Environments Research, 17(1), 1–28.
Cohen, L., Chang, P., Pooley, J. A. & Pike, L. (2008). A holistic approach to establishing an effective learning environment for psychology. Psychology Learning & Teaching7(1), 12-18.
Creswell, J. W. & Plano Clark, V. L. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. London: Sage Publication Inc.
Creswell, W. (2011). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. (4th ed). Boston: Pearson pub.
Danaifard, H., Alvani, S. M. & Azar, A. (2019). Methodology of Qualitative Research in Management: A Holistic Approach. Tehran: Eshraghi Publications. (Persian).
Davies, D., Jindal-Snape, D., Collier, C., Digby, R., Hay, P. & Howe, A. (2013). Creative learning environments in education-A systematic literature review. Thinking skills and creativity, 8, 80 – 91.
Dehghani, M., Pakmehr, H. & Jafari Sani, H. (2011). Managerial of challenges curriculum implementation in higher education. Procedia social and behavioral sciences, (15), 2003-2005.
Dent, J. & Harden, R. M. (2013). A practical guide for medical teachers, London, Elsevier Health Sciences UK.
Dimmock, P. S. & Mair, R. J. (2008). Effect of building stiffness on tunnelling-induced ground movement. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology23(4), 438-450.
Eisner, E. W. (1994). Educational imagination. Macmillan Publishing Company.
European Students’ Union. (2015). Overview on student-centred learning in higher education in Europe: Research study. Retrieved from Brussels, Belgium: European Students’ Union.
Fisher, K. (2001). Building better outcomes: the impact of school infrastructure on student outcomes and behavior, Schooling Issues Digest.
Fraser, B. J. (1998) Classroom environment instruments: development, validity, and applications. Learning environments research, 1, 7-33.
Genn, J. M. (2001). Curriculum, environment, climate, quality and change in medical education—a unifying perspective. Med. Teach 23, 337–344.
Gillham, B. (2000). The Research Interview. London, Rautledge.
Higgins, S., Hall, E., Wall, K., Woolner, P. & McCaughey, C. (2005). The impact of school environments: A literature review. London: The Design Council.
Hill, M. C. & Epps, K. K. (2010). The impact of physical classroom environment on student satisfaction and student evaluation of teaching in the university environment. Academy of educational leadership journal, 14(4), 65.‏
Jamaludin, N. M., Mahyuddin, N. & Akashah, F. W. (2016). Assessment of indoor environmental quality (IEQ): Students well-being in university classroom with the application of landscaping, MATEC web conf. EDP Sci. 6, 61.
Jordens, J. Z. & Zepke, N. (2009). A network approach to curriculum quality assessment. Quality in higher education, 15, (3), 279-289.
Karagiannopoulou, E. & Christodoulides, P. (2005). The impact of Greek university students’ perceptions of their learning environment on approaches to studying and academic outcomes. Int. J. Educ. Res. 43, 329–350.
Karimi, S. & Nasr, A. R. (2012). Interview data analysis methods. Research,7 (1), 71 – 94.
Keinänen, M., Ursin, J. & Nissinen, K. (2018). How to measure students’ innovation competences in higher education: Evaluation of an assessment tool in authentic learning environments. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 58, 30-36.
Klawonn, I. M. (2010). A building that suits the vision. In Mind your behaviour. How architecture shapes behavior. Copenhagen: 3XN, Dansk Architecture Center.
Klein, M. F. (1985). Curriculum design. International encyclopedia of education: curriculum studies. Volume II. Husen, T. and Postlethwaite editors, Pergamon Press: Oxford England, 1985, 1163-1170.
Krejcie, R. V. & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research ActivitiesEducational and Psychological Measurement.
Lunnenberg, F. & Ernstein, A. (1996). Curriculum Development: Analysis and Improvement of Teaching (Translation of the Late Mostafa Sharif, 2011). ACECR, University of Isfahan. (Persian).
Malling, B., Mortensen, L. S., Scherpbier, A. J. & Ringsted, C. (2010). Educational climate seems unrelated to leadership skills of clinical consultants responsible of postgraduate medical education in clinical departments. BMC medical education, 10(1), 62.
Mayer, R. E. (2004). Should there be a three-strikes rule against pure discovery learning? American Psychologist, 59, 14-19.
Mishra, P. & Mehta, R. (2017). What we educators get wrong about 21st-century learning: Results of a survey. Journal of digital learning in teacher education, 33(1), 6–19.
Moore, M. G. (1989). Editorial: Three types of interaction. American journal of distance education, 3(2), 1–7.
Nasiri, F., Izadi Moez, S., Fallahi, A. H. & Shamkhani, T. (2011). Internalizing Islamic values among students from the viewpoint of educational educators (case study: high schools for girls in Hamadan). Journal of Cultural Engineering, 6(3), 74-85. (Persian).
Nazarpour, M. T. & Norouzian Maleki, S. (2018). Identifying effective architectural components in promoting students' learning with emphasis on open spaces of schools based on fundamental transformation document. Journal of Teaching and Learning Studies, 10 (2), 165 – 193. (Persian).
O’Brien, A., Chan, T. & Cho, M. (2008). Investigating nursing students’ perceptions of the changes in a nursing curriculum by means of a Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory: results of a cluster analysis. Int. J. Nurs. Educ. Scholarsh 5, 1–18.
Oblinger, D. G. (2006). Spaces as a change agent. In D. G. Oblinger (Ed)., Learning spaces (pp. 1.1–1.4). Retrieved january 1, 2010, from EDUCAUSE http://www. educause.edu/learningspaces.
Ostapczuk, M., Hugger, A., de Bruin, J., Ritz-Timme, S. & Rotthoff, T. (2012). DREEM on, dentists! Students’ perceptions of the educational environment in German dental school as measured by the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure. Eur. J. Dent. Educ. 16, 67–77.
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the horizon, 9(5), 1–6.
Proshansky, H. M. & Fabian, A. K. (1987). The development of place identity in the child. In Spaces for children (pp. 21-40). Springer, Boston, MA.
Rezaei, H. & Bemani, N. (2016). The role of learning environment in promoting education and introducing learning environment measurement tools. Journal of Medical Education Development Center,7(1), 37-49. (Persian).
Robinson, K. (2010). Changing education paradigms. RSA Animate, The Royal society of Arts, London.
Rusticus, S. A., Wilson, D., Casiro, O. & Lovato, C. (2019). Evaluating the quality of health professions learning environments: development and validation of the health education learning environment survey (HELES). Evaluation & the health professions, 4, 1- 16.
Scott, T. & Brysiewicz, P. (2016). African emergency nursing curriculum: Development of a curriculum model. International emergency nursing, 27, 60-63.
Scott-Webber, L. (2004). In sync: Environmental behavior research and the design of learning spaces. Ann Arbor, MI: The society for college and university planning.
Scott‐Webber, L., Abraham, J. & Marini, M. (2000). Higher education classroom fail to meet needs of faculty and students. Journal of interior design, 26(2), 16-34.
Tanner, C. K. (2008). Explaining relationships among student outcomes and the school's physical environmentJournal of advanced academics, 19(3), 444-471.‏
Till, H. (2005). Climate studies: can students’ perceptions of the ideal educational environment be of use for institutional planning and resource utilization? Med. Teach, 27, 332–337.
Tyler, R. W. (1949). Basic Principles of curriculum and instruction. The University of Chicago Press.
Uline, C. & Tschannen Moran, M. (2008). The walls speak: The interplay of quality facilities, school climate, and student achievement. Journal of educational administration, 46 (1), 55 – 74.
Veermans, K., Joolingen, W. V. & De Jong, T. (2006). Use of heuristics to facilitate scientific discovery learning in a simulation learning environment in a physics domainInternational journal of science education28(4), 341-361.
Wang, M. T. & Degol, J. L. (2016). School climate: A review of the construct, measurement, and impact on student outcomes. Educational psychology review, 28 (2), 315-352.
Woolfolk Hoy, A. & Murphy, P. K. (2001). Teaching educational psychology to the implicit mind.‏
Yang, Z., Becerik-Gerber, B. & Mino, L. (2013). A study on student perceptions of higher education classrooms: Impact of classroom attributes on student satisfaction and performance. Building and environment, 70, 171-188.‏
Yeoman, B. (2012). Special report: Rebuilding america’s schools. Parade magazine. retrieved from http://www. parade.com/news/2012/08/12-rebuilding-americas-schools.html.
Young, E. H. A., Green, L., Roehrich-Patrick, L. J. & Gibson, T. (2003). Do K-12 school facilities affect education outcomes? Nashville, TN: Tennessee Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations.