مطالعه چگونگی «آموزش شهروندی» در برنامه‌ی درسی: سنتز پژوهی مطالعات انجام شده در دو دهه‌ی اخیر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار مطالعات برنامه درسی دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

 هدف این پژوهش سنتز پژوهی چند مورد از پژوهش­هایی است که حول موضوع آموزش شهروندی در برنامه­های درسی در کشورهای مختلف انجام شده است. برای این منظور با استفاده از روش سنتز پژوهی، تحقیقات انجام شده در سطح بین­الملل، در خصوص میزان توجه و اختصاص مفاهیم مربوط به آموزش شهروندی در برنامه­های درسی، به‌صورت نظام‌مند انتخاب، واکاوی محتوایی و دسته‌بندی شده‌اند. در مرحله غربالگری، 11 پژوهشی که این ویژگی‌ها را داشته‌اند، انتخاب و ترکیبی از یافته‌های آنها بر اساس اصول تلفیق، بازاندیشی و بازآرایی داده‌ها، ارائه شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که عوامل مهم محیطی که در ساختار کلی برنامه‌های درسی آموزش شهروندی به آن پرداخته شده عبارت از سنت تاریخی؛ موقعیت جغرافیایی؛ ساختار اجتماعی-سیاسی؛ سیستم اقتصادی و روندهای جهانی است. همچنین نتایج نشان می‌دهد که آموزش شهروندی در برنامه‌های درسی برخی از کشورها، مبتنی بر بیان ارزش‌های فرهنگی جزئی و همچنین قوانین ملی و در برخی دیگر حالت خنثی نسبت به ارزش‌ها داشته‌اند. نهایتاً اینکه نتایج بیانگر آن است که آموزش شهروندی در برنامه‌های درسی، از سه لایه تشکیل می‌شود: آموزش در مورد شهروندی؛ آموزش از طریق شهروندی و آموزش برای شهروندی.

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