چگونگی بازنمایی انسجام ملی در محتوای کتاب های درسی دوره آموزش ابتدایی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان واحد کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

2 استاد گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر بازنمایی انسجام ملی در محتوای کتاب­ های درسی دوره آموزش ابتدایی ایران است. پارادایم پژوهش از نوع تفسیری، رویکرد پژوهش کیفی، استراتژی پژوهش از نوع تحلیل محتوا کیفی است، میدان مطالعه کلیه کتاب­ های درسی دوره آموزش ابتدایی ایران است که بر مبنای روش نمونه­ گیری هدفمند کتاب ­های مطالعات اجتماعی، فارسی و هدیه ­های آسمان که مشتمل بر 25 جلد کتاب است مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. فرمت داده­ ها در قالب متن بوده است و برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ­ها از مراحل کدگذاری دور نخست و کدگذاری دور دوم استفاده شده است. یافته ­های پژوهش مشتمل بر 533 مفهوم، 77 زیرمقوله و 87 مقوله اولیه است که در نهایت بعد از دسته ­بندی، 11 مقوله اصلی در محتوای کتاب­ های درسی استحصال گردید. این مقوله ­ها عبارتند از: سرزمین مشترک، میراث فرهنگی، دین و مذهب، ادب و هنر، پرچم و سرود، فرهنگ فراملی، زبان فارسی، میراث تمدنی، تاریخ مشترک، اعیاد مذهبی، قهرمانان و مفاخر ملی. بر مبنای یافته­ ها می­توان گفت که وضعیت مولفه­ های انسجام ملی از جایگاه مطلوبی برخوردار نیست و بیشتر به صورت سلیقه ­ای عمل شده است و تنها مولفه­ ای که در کتاب­ های درسی انسجام ملی بر پایه آن می­ چرخد، مولفه دین و مذهب است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Ahmadi, H (2003). Iranian National Identity: Foundations, Challenges and Essentials, Cultural Research Letter, 7 (6), 6-51. [persian].
Ahmadi, H. (2011). Foundations of Iranian National Identity: Theoretical Framework of Citizen-Based National Identity.Tehran: Institute of Cultural and Social Studies. [persian].
Ahmadipour, Z; Heydari Moslu, T & Heydari Moslu, T. (2010). Analysis of ethnicity and ethnic identity in Iran; For sustainable security. Journal of Social Order, 2 (1), 36-62. [persian].
Atamian, R. (2015). Shaping National Identity through Education: A Comparative Study of Elementary School Textbooks in Post-Revolutionary Iran and Communist Bulgaria. A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of World Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Masters of Arts in Iranian Studies, University of Tehran.
Barghi, R. Zakaria, Z. Hamzah, A& Hashim, N. (2018). Heritage education in the Primary School Standard Curriculum of Malaysia. Teaching and Teacher Education, 61,124-131. [persian].
Dilamghani, F & GhasemiTurki, M. (2017). The position of national identity in Iran: A look at the historical evolution of patterns and policies of national identity from antiquity to the first Pahlavi period, Transcendental Politics, 5 (19), 155-176. [persian].
Durkheim, Emile (2002). Division of labor, in traditional and modern society, translated by Mansour Ansari, Tehran: The role of the world. [persian].
Durrani, N&Dunne, M. (2010). Curriculum and national identity: exploring the links between religion and nation in Pakistan. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 42:2, 215-240.
Ghasemi, A & Ebrahimabadi, G. (2011). The Ratio of National Identity and National Unity in Iran, Research, 108-138. [persian].
Ghasemi, A. (2014). Explaining the Relationship between Social Gaps and National Unity in Iran. Bi-Quarterly Journal of "Theoretical Policy Research", (16), 165-212. [persian].
Ghasemi, H. (2008). National Solidarity in Elementary School Textbooks (Case Study: Persian Books). National Studies Quarterly, 9 (34), 134-160. [persian].
Hajiani, E & Darvishi, M. (2010). Study of Iranians' tendency towards modern identity. Sociology of Iranian Social Issues, 40-65. [persian].
Havas Beigi, F. (2019). Designing a Multicultural Curriculum pattern  for Iranian Elementary Education, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran. [persian].
Hormozizadeh, M. A. (2009). Factors affecting national cohesion. Journal of Basij Studies, 12 (42). [persian].
Iman, M.T and Noshadi,M. (2011). Qualitative content analysis. Research, 3 (2), 15-44. [persian].
Jahanian, M, Gharkhloo, M & Zandi, E. (2010). An Introduction to National Solidarity with Emphasis on the Components of Culture and Tourism. Journal of Human Geography, 2 (3), 102-114. [persian].
Loghmannia, M & Khamesan, A. (2010). The Place of National Identity in the Iranian Education System. Cultural Research Quarterly, 3 (2), 148-171. [persian].
Loghmannia, M, Khamesan, A & Ahmadi Yeganeh, T. (2012). Agree and disagreement on the components of national identity and its implications in the Iranian education system. Research in Curriculum Planning, 9 (2), 39-57. [persian].
Mansouri, A & Fereydoni, A. (2009). Crystallization of national identity in textbooks: a review of the content of Persian books in elementary school. National Studies Quarterly, 10 (2), 28-46. [persian].
Mehrabi, A. (2010). Fundamentals and components of national cohesion. Research Letter, (55), 115-148. [persian].
Moradi, A. (2015). Cultural identity of Iranian ethnic groups and its impact on national identity and national cohesion of Iranians. Cultural Engineering, 9 (84), 129-144. [persian].
NajjarNahavandi, M & Ghorbanalizadeh, M. (2014). An Analysis of National Identity in Textbooks (Case Study of Social Studies), Educational Research, (29), 80-101. [persian].
Nawabakhsh, M & Firoozabadi, A. (2012). Urban social cohesion and its related factors in Kermanshah. Urban sociological studies, 2 (5), 33-58. [persian].
Njeng’ere.C(2014). The role of curriculum in fostering national cohesion and integration: Opportunities and challenges. Unesco.
Noshadi, M, Shamshiri, B & Ahmadi, H. (2011). The role and function of fifth grade and third grade social education textbooks in the formation of national identity, curriculum research, 1 (1), 140-167. [persian].
Parnoureh, A & Houshangi, H. (2017). Investigating the components of the religious dimension of national identity; Strategies and Strategies, National Studies Quarterly, 20 (3), 18-32. [persian].
Sadeghzadeh, R & Manadi, M. (2008). The place of symbols of national identity in Persian literature and high school history textbooks. Humanities, Educational Innovations Quarterly, 7 (27), 126-136. [persian].
Salehi, I, Aedini bltrak,M &Mansouri, S. (2018). Qualitative content analysis of elementary school textbooks based on cultural heritage components, Quarterly Journal of Socio-Cultural Development Studies, 7 (1), 9-36. [persian].
SalehiAmiri, S. (2010). National cohesion and cultural diversity. Tehran: Strategic Research Center. [persian].
Share pour, M, Soleimani Beshli, M &Shokrollahi, A. (2013). Representation of National Identity Components in Elementary Persian Books. Family and Research Quarterly, 9 (4), 148-170. [persian].
Share pour, Mahmood. (2013). Sociology of Education. Tehran: Printing and Publishing Organization affiliated with endowments and charitable affairs. (The main book was published in 2004). [persian].
Shasani, S, Mazidi, M, Yarmohammadi, L and Lhasaizadeh, A. (2009). Explaining the mechanisms of socialization components of Persian books in elementary school in the framework of critical discourse analysis. Social and Humanities Education and Learning Studies, Shiraz University, 1 (1), 103-140. [persian].
Shaygan, D. (2003). Scattered Ontologies, Dialogue Quarterly, (37). [persian].
Shikhavandi, D. (2001). Development and Enforcement of National Identity.  Vol 2, Tehran: Islamic and Iranian Archaeological Center. [persian].
Shikhavandi, D. (2004). Reflection of the identity of Iranian ethnic groups in primary and secondary school textbooks, Quarterly Journal of Education, (78), 120-193. [persian].
Soltani, A. (2013). Oil and the process of nation-building in Iran. Quarterly Journal of Politics, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, 42 (2), 95-112. [persian].
Syamsud, D, Amir&Wahida, I. (2018). Cohesion and Coherence in Indonesian textbooks for the Tenth grader of senior high school, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 301, Seventh International Conference on Languages and Arts (ICLA 2018).
Sadeghi, Ali Ashraf & Moradkhani, Homayoun. (2013). Discursive construction of identity in Persian books of the primary period, Society for Cultural Studies, Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 5(4), 59-88. [persian].
Tajik, M. (2000). Social Consensus Roundtable (2), National Studies Quarterly, (2 and 3). [persian].
Tajik, M. (2004). Narrative of zeal and identity among Iranians. Tehran: Farhang Goftman. [persian].
Tavassoli, M & Zubairi, H (2013). social solidarity; Origin of Economic Development. Rural Development, 5 (2), 50-74. [persian].
Yousef Zadeh, M.R & Marufi, Y. (2013). Content analysis in the humanities. Practical guide to textbook analysis). Hamedan: SepehrDanesh. [persian].