رویکرد پدیدارشناسانه به تجارب معلمان مدارس ابتدایی دخترانه از اجرای طرح شناسایی و هدایت استعدادهای برتر (شهاب)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان (نویسنده مسئول)

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، استفاده از رویکرد پدیدارشناسانه جهت بررسی تجارب معلمان مدارس ابتدایی دخترانه از اجرای طرح شناسایی و هدایت استعدادهای برتر (شهاب) بود. رویکرد پژوهش کیفی بود و از روش پژوهش پدیدارشناسی توصیفی استفاده شد. میدان پژوهش، کلیۀ معلمان زن پایه پنجم ابتدایی مدارس دخترانه مجری طرح شهاب  ناحیه دو همدان در سال تحصیلی 98-97 بودند. بر اساس روش نمونه­گیری ملاک محور و قاعده اشباع نظری، تعداد 16 نفر از معلمان به عنوان مشارکت­کننده انتخاب شدند، روش جمع­آوری داده­ها مصاحبه نیمه­ساختاریافته بود. زمان مصاحبه از 25 تا 40 دقیقه متغیر بود. برای تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از کدگذاری و تحلیل مضمون استفاده شد. براساس یافته­ها، تجربیات و ادراکات معلمان در چهار مضمون سازمان­دهنده شامل مضامین انگیزشی، ستادی و پشتیبانی، آموزشی و اجتماعی و فرهنگی طبقه­بندی شد و در مجموع 31 مضمون پایه، برای مضامین سازمان­دهنده شناسایی شد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد، معلمان ادراکات و تجربیات ناخوشایندی نسبت به اجرای طرح داشتند و بیشترین تجربیات ناخوشایند، مربوط به عوامل آموزشی بود.جایگزین ساختن خلاقیت، خودآغازی، جستجوگری، خوداکتشافی و خودانگیزشی به جای آموزش نتیجه محور، نمره محور، رقابت محور، پر­آموزی و پرباری حافظه در سایۀ  طرح شهاب نیازمند تعامل کلیۀ عوامل درگیر از جمله بنیاد ملی نخبگان، سازمان پرورش استعدادهای درخشان، دفتر هدایت استعدادهای درخشان، جامعه، خانواده، معلم و مدیر مدرسه است.

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